FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
At its heart, democracy embodies several key principles and structures that ensure it functions effectively. These pillars of democracy are foundational to its success and sustainability.
Popular Sovereignty: This principle asserts that the authority of the government is derived from the consent of the governed. It means that citizens have the power to elect their leaders and influence legislation through voting and civic engagement (Dahl, 2000).
The Rule of Law: This principle ensures that all individuals and institutions are held accountable under the law, promoting justice and fairness. It prevents arbitrary decision-making and ensures that laws are applied consistently and impartially (Dicey, 1885).
Separation of Powers: This principle divides government responsibilities among different branches to prevent the concentration of power. Each branch—legislative, executive, and judicial—has distinct functions and checks on the others (Montesquieu, 1748).
​Protection of Rights and Freedoms: This principle ensures that individuals can express their beliefs, assemble peacefully, and participate in the political process without fear of retribution. Rights like freedom of speech, press, and religion are safeguarded as essential for a vibrant democracy (Held, 2006).
