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Brief History and Context

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Since the Greek and Roman times,

“the people” has been used in at least three senses:

  1. First, the people as the whole (which is to say, all members of the polity);

  2. Second, the “common people” (the excluded, the downtrodden, and the forgotten);

  3. And third, the nation as a whole, understood in a distinctly cultural sense.

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As explained by William A. Galston, historically, right-leaning populists have emphasized shared ethnicity and common descent, while left-leaning populists have often defined the people in class terms, excluding those with wealth and power.

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